Crowd Management in Sport Facilities Essay Example for Free

Crowd Management in Sport Facilities Essay When conditions or circumstances warrant substantial levels of wariness, crowd management as a consequence becomes prudent. The key in getting a safe and comfortable environment for large packs of people is in planning for their management. There is considerable prominence on crowd management planning and implementation since it is important to provide a safe environment for everyone. Crowd management must take into account all the rudiments of an event especially the type of event, for example a circus, sporting, concert, or carnival event. It must also view characteristics of the facility, dimension and demeanor of the crowd, methods of entry, communications, crowd control, plus queuing (Herb, 1998). As in all management, it must also include planning, arranging, staffing, directing in addition to evaluating. Crowd management is best defined as every element of the game or event from the design of the stadium to the game itself as well as the protection of the customers from unforeseeable risk of danger from other persons or from the actual facility itself. The main criteria for gouging if crowd control procedures are sufficient and suitable depend on the kind of event, threats of aggression, existence and sufficiency of the emergency arrangement, expectation of crowd size in addition to seating arrangement, known rivalries among teams along with schools, and the use of security personnel (Herb, 1997). Crowd management is therefore paramount in sports facilities and venues because of the large masses that throng such places. Some facilities involve more sport management than others, thus would require more crowd management during functions. Venues should be primarily assessed for safety and its ability to hold large crowds. From the evaluation, the results should be processed, conclusions drawn, proposals made and a report written to all parties involved. The team that carries out such a task should be well trained in this area and used to dealing with all sorts of events, particularly sports. Reference Herb, A. (1998) Risk Management in Sport: Issues and Strategies. London, Carolina Academic Press Miller, L. (1997) Sport Business Management. New York, Jones Barlett Publishers.

World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Essay -- Commerce GATT Argum

World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Ever since man has been engaged in international commerce, trade disputes have existed. Adam Smith observed trade disputes over 220 years ago in The Wealth of Nations. In Smith’s eyes, if a trading partner imposed restrictions on your exports, then you had the right to retaliate and impose restrictions on their imports. He felt that unilateral trade dispute settlement was the right thing to do. However, Smith's answer to settling trade disputes was shortsighted. In an era where his home country, England, was the superpower of its time, Smith could not foresee the creation of an international organization to regulate trade and commerce around the world. With the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, the world is capable of handling trade disputes between nations. The creation of the WTO and its improvements upon the GATT framework have proven that trade disputes are better settled thr ough a multilateral system and not unilaterally. The creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 was a step in the right direction for handling trade disputes. At that time there was no international dispute settlement system in effect. Countries handled disputes either bilaterally or unilaterally. However, the GATT dispute settlement system was rather weak and not used effectively. More than often countries abused it or simply ignored it. Even with these faults, the GATT provided a strong foundation for the WTO to be built upon after the Uruguay Round. The United States took advantage of the weakness of the GATT dispute settlement system use its own unilateral methods to handle di... ... January 1998. "Explaining Patterns of GATT/WTO Trade Complaints." Working Paper. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Available at: https://wwwc.cc.columbia.edu/sec/dlc/ciao/wps/sec01/sec01.html Smith, Adam. 1776 (1981 reprint). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Valihora, Michael S. Spring/Summer 1998. "NAFTA Chapter 19 or the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body: A Hobson’s Choice for Canada?" Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. Volume 30 Numbers 2, 3, pages 447-487. World Trade Organization. February 1998. "Case Study—The Timetable in Practice." Available at http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute3.htm World Trade Organization. February 1998. WTO, "Settling Disputes: The WTO’s ‘most individual contribution’" Available at: http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute1.htm World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Essay -- Commerce GATT Argum World Trade Organization is the Way to Go Ever since man has been engaged in international commerce, trade disputes have existed. Adam Smith observed trade disputes over 220 years ago in The Wealth of Nations. In Smith’s eyes, if a trading partner imposed restrictions on your exports, then you had the right to retaliate and impose restrictions on their imports. He felt that unilateral trade dispute settlement was the right thing to do. However, Smith's answer to settling trade disputes was shortsighted. In an era where his home country, England, was the superpower of its time, Smith could not foresee the creation of an international organization to regulate trade and commerce around the world. With the creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, the world is capable of handling trade disputes between nations. The creation of the WTO and its improvements upon the GATT framework have proven that trade disputes are better settled thr ough a multilateral system and not unilaterally. The creation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947 was a step in the right direction for handling trade disputes. At that time there was no international dispute settlement system in effect. Countries handled disputes either bilaterally or unilaterally. However, the GATT dispute settlement system was rather weak and not used effectively. More than often countries abused it or simply ignored it. Even with these faults, the GATT provided a strong foundation for the WTO to be built upon after the Uruguay Round. The United States took advantage of the weakness of the GATT dispute settlement system use its own unilateral methods to handle di... ... January 1998. "Explaining Patterns of GATT/WTO Trade Complaints." Working Paper. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs. Available at: https://wwwc.cc.columbia.edu/sec/dlc/ciao/wps/sec01/sec01.html Smith, Adam. 1776 (1981 reprint). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Valihora, Michael S. Spring/Summer 1998. "NAFTA Chapter 19 or the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body: A Hobson’s Choice for Canada?" Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. Volume 30 Numbers 2, 3, pages 447-487. World Trade Organization. February 1998. "Case Study—The Timetable in Practice." Available at http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute3.htm World Trade Organization. February 1998. WTO, "Settling Disputes: The WTO’s ‘most individual contribution’" Available at: http://www.wto.org/wto/about/dispute1.htm

Days later analysis

Days letter in my opinion is one of the best zombie films that has been produced in my generation and revalidated the Zombie genre. This is one of my favorites because of its intriguing story line and a great acting performance by all characters. 28 days later provides a plethora of horror engineering, social attitudes, as well as social critique. Released in 2002, 28 Days later draws its viewers in right from the start. At the beginning of the film we see a group of PETA extremists breaking into what seems to be an animal testing facility.This group of people who are breaking into the facility to free a group of monkeys who are being used as science experiments and being injected with what is called the â€Å"Rage† virus. As the group goes to break the monkeys out of their fiberglass cages, a scientist who works at the facility catches them in the act. Here is where us viewers are first introduced (briefly) to the rage virus. The scientist warns them that the monkeys are inf ected with Rage and that what they are doing is extremely dangerous.The scientist begs them not to open the cages but ultimately they end up doing it anyway. The female in the group opens the cage and the infected monkey runs out and attacks the group where the virus first begins to spread. The rest of the film shows Jim as he embarks on his journey though post-apocalyptic London. Jim wakes up naked in a hospital bed where he has no idea where he is. After he detaches all of the hoses and wires from his body he ventures out into the rest of the hospital where he discovers that something is right.Later in the film Jim runs into a few more survivors and rest of the film shows them making the trip to a military stronghold that they heard about on a radio broadcast. 8 Days later is without a doubt a film that revalidated the zombie genre. While the zombies in this film aren't what the type of zombie fans are used to seeing, this film is still extremely terrifying! 28 Days Later employs horror engineering techniques to add to the mass amounts of â€Å"scariness† that already exists throughout the film. The first horror engineering technique that is used throughout this film is formlessness.Formlessness is focusing a little more on the creatures appearances throughout horror films. In this case formlessness is employed to make these flesh hungry zombies even scarier than they already are. The zombies in 28 Days later are extremely terrifying not only because they want to eat the uninfected' flesh but mainly because of their appearance. Like I said before, the zombies in this film aren't like zombies fans of this genre are used to seeing. They are dirty, they are deformed, and they are fast†¦ Really fast.When these zombies are chasing their prey, they sprint fast as lightning and their arms sway in a fluid motion. This is a small detail that adds massive amounts of horror into the film. There is Just something about these zombie's fluid body motions that makes them so scary. Another horror engineering technique that was employed frequently throughout the film is mastication. The concept of Mastication is the creature in the specific film involving swarms, crowding, and teeming to overrun anyone that is not infected with the rage virus.Just about every there is a scene with zombies in it (aside from the one that's chained up) there is an extremely large number of them that require the uninfected to take immediate action. The zombies in this film are already scary enough, but with a group of at least 20 of them chasing after Selene, Jim and the others in the group of uninfected. One scene in particular that is absolutely petrifying is when the Jim and co. Car breaks down in the traffic tunnel. As the tire is being changed we see tunnel rats running in a group the opposite direction.Soon after that Jim notices the silhouettes of the zombies' shadows on the tunnel walls running in their direction. Things don't seem too alarming at first but when the zombies come in sight there is more than a few of them, there is a group of 20+ zombies in an all-out sprint running toward them. Luckily the group barely escapes but, that scene alone was enough to get viewers blood pumping! Mastication makes this film even scarier than it already is, because one of these zombies alone is scary enough let alone a group of 20 or more!In this film there are also social attitudes that are present. One of the more prominent social attitudes that are present in this film is the views on modern bio power. In the beginning of the film we see the infected test subjects that happen to be monkeys. It is unknown why the monkeys are infected with the rage virus in the first place but it seems as if scientists were trying to come up with up with a cure for the rage virus where the experiment looked to be ailing because of all of the test subjects that were present in the lab. 8 Days Later has a negative view to this modern borrower that is being u sed. It seems Danny Bayle and Alex Garland (Director and Writer) were trying to send a message that the modern evolution of borrower can be risky business if we aren't careful. 28 Days later was a clear depiction of what life would be like if the use of borrower wasn't carefully handled. In the case of the film scientists were not careful because of the way a small group of PETA enthusiasts were able to sneak into the science facility and let the rage iris lose.It would be extremely difficult to imagine Danny Bayle and Alex Garland directing and writing a movie where modern borrower is a raging success, probably because it would be difficult for borrower to have that type of outcome. Other social views that are in this film are the shifting attitudes towards gender. One of the first characters that are met in this film happens to be an African British female by the name of Selene. She and another male are the first two people that Jim meets right when he gets out of the hospital and begins to wander the streets of London.For the iris half of the film, there is a positive social attitude towards females. Selene is a walking zombie killing machine and is extremely knowledge on how to take care of her self in post-apocalyptic times. In other words she is a complete bedaubs! Selene even teaches Jim a few things such as after the first time they are attacked together she asks Jim if he got zombie blood in his eyes or mouth. Selene then proceeds to tell Jim that if someone is bitten then you only have a short period of time to kill that person before they turn. Selene shows Jim her ways and even saves his ass every once and a while.The positive views towards the females in the film are apparent and wouldn't be surprised if female viewers were to shout muff Go Girl† a few times throughout the movie! To contrast, these positive views kind of disappear in the second half of the film. As the group makes it to the military stronghold the Major Henry West informs Ji m that he had promised all of his men women if they were to send out a radio broadcast about their location. After Jim is informed is when things shift downwards in terms of social attitudes towards female at least for this part of the film.It is night and day when comparing the views towards females from the first half of the film to the second. In the first half Selene is a zombie killer with a ton of different skills that she uses in order to survive. In the second half Selene and Hanna are nothing but sex dolls for the soldiers at the strong hold to play with. The soldiers begin to harass and inappropriately touch Selene and Hanna to the point where zombies aren't the only things they should be afraid of anymore. At one point the horny soldiers think it would be a good idea to get Selene and Hannah all dressed up n extravagant dresses to make them look even more appealing.Hannah and Galena's stay at the makeshift military base is not a pleasant one to say the least. 28 Days Late r also does a fantastic Job at illustrating what life would be like after society has failed. At the very beginning of the film we see one of the test subjects being shown montages of global disaster and conflict. It seems that the film was trying to send us a message, and that message was if we as a society keep on the same track then the ending could be a disaster and something to similar to 28 Days later could become a reality.Some perspectives could see this opening scene as humanity being the tied up monkey watching these tragic events happen before our eyes and then facing death from the rage virus. 28 Days Later at the time was a misunderstood masterpiece where over time it has shifted into a classic film that revalidated the zombie genre. 28 Days Later will without a doubt go down as a classic film as it perfectly summed up how crazy our society is and what it could become if we aren't careful. Danny Bayle and Alex Garland did a fantastic Job at putting this film together ma king it one of the best and most recognizable zombie films of my generation!

Paul Robeson Essay - 991 Words

Paul Robeson Paul Robeson as a scholar and athlete was a two-time All-American in football and baseball, a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and valedictorian of his high school and college class. As an entertainer he starred in eleven movies, five Broadway musicals, and sang in sold out concerts throughout the world in twenty-five different languages. As a statesman he became known as the citizen of the world, who spoke out whenever he saw social or racial injustices in any country, and spent his last years working with Albert Einstein to bring world peace. This magnificent African-American was able to do all these things during a time in America when most African-Americans were denied service at a local restaurant. He was Michael†¦show more content†¦After college Paul Robeson moved on to become a world famous singer and actor. In 1924 he debuts in the lead of All Gods Chillun Got Wings in Greenwich Village. The play centers around a black man and his white wife. Such a relationship was scan dalous in the 1920s. After the success of his first play he acted in Emperor Jones and four other musicals. In the 1920s and 1930s he starred in eleven films which included Body and Soul, Jericho, and Proud Valley. When he was in London, he became an international star for the title role in Othello. This role won him the Donaldson Award for Best Acting Performance in 1944. All parts that Robeson would accept portrayed African-Americans with great dignity. Robeson, realizing his acting range was limited both by the choice of roles available to him as a black performer and by his own acting abilities, turned to singing full time as an outlet for his creative energies and growing social convictions. (1992, Nagel) His most celebrated song came from the musical Showboat. He is famous for changing the words in the song Old Man River from . . . Im tired of livin and feared of dyin to a declaration of resistance, . . . I must keep fightn until Im dying . . . AfterShow MoreRelatedEssay on Paul Robeson906 Words   |  4 PagesPaul Robeson was a famous African American athlete, singer, actor and advocate for the civil rights of people around the world.   He rose to prominence in a time when segregation was legal in America and black people were being lynched by white mobs, especially in the South. Born on April 9, 1898 in Princeton, New Jersey, Paul Robeson was the youngest of five children.   His father was a runaway slave who went on to graduate from Lincoln University, and his mother came from a family of QuakersRead MorePaul Robeson955 Words   |  4 PagesPaul Robeson was a famous African American athlete, singer, actor and advocate for the civil rights of people around the world.   He rose to prominence in a time when segregation was legal in America and black people were being lynched by white mobs, especially in the South. Born on April 9, 1898 in Princeton, New Jersey, Paul Robeson was the youngest of five children.   His father was a runaway slave who went on to graduate from Lincoln University, and his mother came from a family of QuakersRead MoreLena Mary Calhoun Horne : An Advocate For Civil Rights And The Abolition Of Segregation1065 Words   |  5 PagesCafà © Society nightclub, popular with both black and white artists and intellectuals. While performing at Cafà © Society, Lena began a friendship with Paul Robeson, an actor, singer, and political activist. Horne would also become acquainted with W.E.B. Du Bois, a long-time fixture in the African-American struggle for equality. Her contacts with Robeson and Du Bois led to her involvement in progressive organizations including the Council for African Affairs, Civil Rights Congress, and Progressive CitizensRead MoreAn Analysis Of Paul Robeson s The Power Of Negro Action 943 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst the essay by Paul Robeson and highlighting some of the most striking and interesting facets, followed by the chapter from Rhonda Williams where I will explore the connections to the chapter by Robeson, and lastly I will look at the essay from Andrea Friedman, where I will further note interesting facets of the reading as well as create ties to the aforementioned works. Paul Robeson’s chapter â€Å"The Power of Negro Action† is rather straightforward from the outset. Robeson is presenting an empoweringRead MoreJackie Robinson : African American Civil Rights Activist1181 Words   |  5 Pagesabout jobs and discrimination. Robeson, Paul. â€Å"You Are the Un-Americans, and You Ought to be Ashamed of Yourselves†. Testimony of Paul Robeson before the House Committee on Un-American Activities. 12 June. 1956. This is a transcript of Paul Robeson, an All-American football, became an actor and a political speaker. In 1949, Robeson was the cover of newspapers. There were public statements saying that African Americans would not fight in â€Å"an imperialist war.† Later, Robeson refused to sign proving thatRead MoreRacism in the American Society in the 1920s Essay example1000 Words   |  4 PagesBlacks always had a tough time, this is due to the stereotypical view that the people had of them. The whites believed that the Blacks were primitive, illiterate and criminals. However, this view was not true, a good example would be Paul Robeson who was the son of a former slave and passed his law exams with honours from Columbia University in 1923. White governments feared that the Blacks would take power, and so introduced many laws which took away their freedom (theyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Achievements Of The Famous African American Actor, Canada Lee1333 Words   |  6 Pagesbe omitted from the blacklist if he gave the name of Paul Robeson (a fellow Civil Rights activist and famous singer/actor) to the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee (SISS). However, Lee refused to give into this form of blackmail, which resulted in his being banned from all Hollywood films and theater work in the United States. This blacklisting would lead to the fall of his career during this historical period: The legacies of Paul Robeson and Canada Lee have been tainted by the blacklist machine;Read MoreAfrican American Vernacular1239 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Go down Moses† served a dual purpose during the times of slavery. Spirituals were used as a code between the slaves to aide with the task of attempting to escape slavery or the thought of escaping from bondage. â€Å"Go down Moses† first recorded by Paul Robeson, is a song riddled with ambiguous tones. On the surface, this song tells the story of the Israelites as slaves, which is found in the books of Genesis and Exodus. Moses was called by God to instruct Pharaoh to free the Israelites from the bondagesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello : Race And Performance6373 Words   |  26 Pagesjealousy, and betrayal, audiences to this day continue to be emotionally affected by Othello?s struggle. Not only will this essay illustrate racial issues within the text of the play itself, but also the black Shakespearean actors like Ira Aldridge, Paul Robeson, and James Earl Jones, who suffered severe racial discrimination and were still able to defy racial stereotypes throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the segregated United States, addressing how the actors were emotionally affectedRead MoreNigger : The Folklore Of His Life970 Words   |  4 Pagesadversity and have helped to dispel the myth of Black inferiority. No person was more influential in the world of music and sociopolitical issues that the incomparable Paul Leroy Robeson. Born to parents with different ancestral backgrounds, positioned to become subservient in a racist society, and overcoming tragedy at a young age, Robeson was emboldening in his resolve to succeed. Exceedingly proficient in his academic achievements, and an athlete that broke racial barriers with superb athleticism and