Historical Transitioning and Growth of the U.S. Health Care System Term Paper

Historical Transitioning and Growth of the U.S. Health Care System - Term Paper Example The programs included the Medicare and Medicaid (Rice et al. 2013). There are also different forms of financing in the sector. The public sources comprise the largest health care expenditure in the country. It constitutes 48% followed by the private third party payers (Rice et al. 2013). In the current state, most of the Americans receive the coverage from the private health insurance (Rice et al. 2013). Employers contribute significantly to the privately insured individuals. Additionally, the number of purchasers in the form of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) rose significantly in the last two decades of 20th century (Rice et al. 2013). However, this has decreased over time due to criticism of the tight control put on patients. Further, the preferred provider organizations (PPOs) have increased their dominance in the sector (Rice et al. 2013). There have also been changes in terms of physical, technological, and human resources over time. The changes have been more common since 1970’s. For example, there has been raise in ambulatory facilities and decrease in institutional setting (Rice et al. 2013). The number of beds in the hospitals has also fallen significantly. On the other hand, there has also been rapid advancement in the medical technologies. Such medical technologies include MRIs and CT scanners (Rice et al. 2013). Moreover, there have been changes in employment rates in the sector. The country has enjoyed increased number of physicians, nurses, and therapist since 1990 (Rice et al. 2013). The increase is an indication of more focus on the primary health care. However, there has been decline in the number of dentists, optometrists and pharmacist in the same period (Rice et al. 2013). The sector has also listed the vulnerable population in the country. The trend has been established for a long period in history. Some of vulnerable populations in the country appear to be the racial and ethnic minorities, low-income

Waste Management and Milestone Submission Essay Example for Free

Waste Management and Milestone Submission Essay Overview The final project for this course is the creation of a Case Analysis. In 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) brought charges against Waste Management and some of its executives. You must research these charges and answer the questions below. Review the SEC Release 1532 here. In a well-structured analysis, you will answer a set of questions regarding the case against Waste Management. Begin your research in Module Eight. Use any additional resources presented and the Waste Management financial statements and reports as needed. The Analytical Procedures Worksheet and the ICF-CX16 Vulnerability Worksheet are located in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course. The project is divided in to three milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Eight, Nine, and Ten. Objectives To successfully complete this project, you will be expected to apply what you have learned in this course and should include several of the following course objectives: 1. Review, detect, and investigate possible financial statement fraud 2. Use various techniques to identify financial statement fraud 3. Explore substantive analytical procedures Main Elements Background: 1. When did the SEC file charges against some senior executives of Waste Management? 2. Who was charged relevant to the above? 3. What were the charges? 4. What is a â€Å"disgorgement of ill-gotten gains†? Summary: 1. What were some of the â€Å"improper accounting practices† used by Waste Management? Please be specific as to what Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) was violated. 2. What impact did the fraudulent behavior identified above have on the published financial statements? Please be specific. 3. What non-accounting fraudulent things did Waste Management do? 4. What was the motivation for the executives to commit fraud? 5. Identify the executives and other employees of Waste Management who were charged in the fraud, and identify the punishment for both the employees and Waste Management. 6. What did the company have to do to correct the issuance of the incorrect financial information, and what was the quantifiable effect of Waste Management’s practices on the pre-tax income/loss? Analysis: 1. What were the red flags that should have been observed but were not? Please be specific and state how they could have been used by an investor/creditor to help identify the fraud. 2. Identify processes and techniques that could have been applicable to detect the fraud. Write a five- to seven-page, well-researched, and well-written response to the questions. Cite all sources using APA format. Format Milestone One: Background In Evaluate 8.2 you will submit a draft if the Background section of your Final Case Analysis. This milestone is not graded. You will receive formative feedback from the instructor to be used to make revisions. This submission will affect Final Product grade under â€Å"Milestone submission†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Milestone Two: Rough Draft In Evaluate 9.2 you will submit a rough draft of your Final Case Analysis. This milestone is not graded. You will receive formative feedback from the instructor to be used to make revisions. This submission will affect Final Product grade under â€Å"Milestone submission†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Milestone Three: Final Case Analysis In Evaluate 10.2 you will submit the Final Case Analysis. It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the main elements of the final product. It should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout the course. This milestone will be graded using the Final Product Rubric. Final Case Analysis Rubric Requirements of submission: Written components of projects must follow these formatting guidelines when applicable: double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and discipline-appropriate citations. The Final Analysis should be 5 to 8 pages in length. Failure to adhere to these requirements of submission will result in the paper not being graded. Instructor Feedback: Students can find their feedback in the grade book as an attachment.

Sports, Athletes, and Nutirion - Athletic Fuel :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Pure Athletic Fuel      Ã‚  Ã‚   An athlete's diet must include foods particularly suited for the athlete's sport. This has been an area of great study in recent years. Researchers are creating diets that provide athletes with the foods that contain high levels of the nutrients needed for each particular sport. For an athlete to have proper nutrition in sports, one must have knowledge of the six classes of nutrients and the four basic food groups. The six classes of nutrients are water, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Each class plays a different role in the energy cycle of the body.    Water is essential. An adult male body weight is about 60 percent water. The average person needs two and a half liters of water a day. It is also known that a person's water mass is replaced every 11 to 13 days under light physical activity (Smith 91). With these facts in mind, it is understandable why an athlete, who undergoes heavy physical exertion, has an extreme need for large quantities of water. This water comes from the intake of all fluids and food during a day.    Vitamins are needed in small amounts. It was the last class to be discovered. It is divided in to fat-soluble and water-soluble groups of vitamins. Vitamins help regulate body functions and are not a direct source of energy. Vitamins are needed in such small quantities that a person's natural diet will provide most of the necessary amounts (Smith 5-7).    The third class is minerals. This class is divided into the minerals needed in large amounts and the minerals needed in small amounts. The minerals needed in larger quantities include sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, and various chlorides. Sodium is needed in extremely large amounts for very active athletes. This is because a person's sweat contains sodium; profuse sweating will cause a large drop in the sodium level of the body. Potassium is directly associated with muscle cells and muscle fatigue. It affects the amount of water a person's body will hold. The other large-amount needed minerals provide for an athlete but have no direct effect on an athlete's performance. The trace minerals number about fourteen.

Contextual Differences Analysis of the Differences between Fassbinder’s All That Heaven Allows and Sirk’s Ali

The high price of gas at the pump has many Americans looking for alternates to their gas powered vehicles. One of the most popular option right now is a hybrid vehicle. The question that comes to mind is, are hybrid vehicles worth it? With record high gas prices due to the price of oil, most car owners out there have major concerns over their gas usage. Over the past ten years, the cost of gasoline has grown 250%! The price of oil has doubled since January of this year. The high prices of oil and gas is the driving factor for most of the people to trade their gas powered vehicles for hybrid vehicles.These vehicles promise to give consumers more mileage per gallon, the truth is that only a few vehicles currently in the market actually make any sort of financial sense. There are quite a few issues with buying hybrid vehicles, even with gas prices at more than $4 a gallon. First, these vehicles are much higher in price than their gas powered counter part so, the premiums attached to the ir price tags do not justify extra mileage that you get. In some cases car dealers are selling popular vehicles at much higher prices than MSRP.Second, there are no laws and regulations controlling the technology, price, and the mileage per gallon required out of these vehicles. Currently, there are hybrid vehicles in the market that offer an improvement of 3MPG to 18 MPG over their gas powered counterpart. This is a huge range that needs to be controlled. Third, the demand of these vehicles is driving the prices of the vehicles even higher, if people knew that it would take many years for fuel savings to pay back the hybrid premium on many models, the demand on these models would be much lower, driving the prices down.The solutions that I would like to propose is the government to work with auto manufacturers to develop a standard for hybrid vehicles. This standard should control the minimum mileage offered per gallon, and control the premium allowed to be charged by the manufactur ers. There are vehicles in the market that offer only a marginal benefit over the gas powered vehicles and yet the manufacturers charge thousands of dollars premium. Background: Today people all around the world are facing unusually high oil price hikes.Oil has become so very expensive that people are trying all kinds of extreme measures to lower the price. The hike in price has affected every nation; the entire world is trying to find a way out of the soaring prices. Thanks to the oil prices, travel expenses have increased, not just flying being expensive, driving your own car is very expensive. The chart below shows a trend in oil prices since 1990 with some of the major events leading to this increase. Note that since January of 2007 the oil prices have increase by 162%.With high gas prices, hybrid cars are a more affordable option than ever in terms of gas mileage, but only a handful of hybrid cars make solid financial sense, and only for some consumers, according to a new study by NADAguides. com, a vehicle pricing and information website. Using current gas prices for ten major metropolitan areas, the company studied the number of miles needed to recoup the extra cost of buying a hybrid car over its gasoline-only counterpart.The study showed, for example, that a driver in Los Angeles, the city with the highest gas prices in the study, will break even about 18 percent faster than a driver in Houston, the city with the lowest gas prices, assuming both are driving the same miles. The study found that, even at today's high gas prices, only a handful of hybrid cars make financial sense for a consumer who buys a new car every five years or less and drives an average number of miles per year.Even at Los Angeles-area gas prices, there are only five hybrid cars that would allow consumers to recoup their additional investment before they sold the car, assuming they drive an average of 15,000 miles per year. In order of shortest time to break even, they are: 1. Toyo ta Camry Hybrid 2. Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid 3. Nissan Altima Hybrid 4. Toyota Prius 5. Honda Civic Hybrid Following is a chart of the top five hybrid cars with the greatest return on investment and the number of miles to break even in 10 major metropolitan areas at current gas prices.Issue: Even with gas prices at more than $4 per gallon, there are quite a few issues with buying hybrid vehicles. Issue 1: High Prices Hybrid vehicle prices are higher than their gas powered counterpart. The demand for these vehicles in the last year has increased a lot, increasing the prices even further. In some areas people are actually paying premium over MSRP and waiting for more than two years to get some vehicles.The price premium attached to the hybrid vehicles are just too great to be considered a cost savings relative to purchasing their gasoline counterpart. If people knew how long it would take them to pay off the increased premium the demand for the hybrid would be lower than what it is now, decreasing the prices. Issue 2: High Prices The second issue with the hybrid vehicles is that there are no laws and regulations controlling the technology, price, and the mileage per gallon required out of these vehicles.Currently, there are hybrid vehicles in the market that offer an improvement of just a few miles per gallon over their gas powered counterpart, yet the manufacturers are charging thousands more for the premium for a so called hybrid technology. The table shows the amount of time it would take a buyer to offset the hybrid premium by fuel savings. The table also shows the miles per gallon and annual gas savings. These numbers clearly show the need to have some regulations to control the miles per gallon offered and the amount of premium that is charged by the manufacturers.Let’s look at some vehicles: Starting with the worst of the bunch, the Lexus LS600H. The premium charges on this vehicle is about $19,000, yet it only offers about 20 to 22 miles per gallon. It would take almost a century to break even. The next worst seems to be the Saturn Aura which only offers an annual gas savings of $171. The best one seems to Toyota Prius, but this car is so popular these days that in some areas there is a wait list of two years. In areas where it’s available, the dealers are charging more than $5,000 over MSRP.Solution: ?Better education to customers about the ownership costs of a hybrid vehicle ? Government should offer incentives like tax break to buy hybrid vehicles ? Have a standard to develop hybrid vehicle to encourage mass production, bringing the vehicle prices to even less than current gas-powered vehicles ? Force auto makers to sell hybrid vehicles at no more than, about 10%, premium to the customers Conclusion: Reference: Web Site: Bespoke Investing Group – http://bespokeinvest. typepad. com/bespoke/

Should Batman Kill the Joker

Should Batman Kill the Joker? Summary In the very beginning, this article raises the question by asking the reader whether Batman should kill the joker or not and also uses it as the title to draw readers’ attention. Based on the question/topic, the author, Mark White, further discuss different arguments by providing three different schools and perspectives from the Batman’s quandary. First of all, from â€Å"utilitarianism† aspect, Joker is probably deserved to be killed because his death may save more people lives.Secondly/Moreover, on the issue of â€Å"deontology† and the action of â€Å"murder†, the death of Joker might be preferable or even desirable or acceptable as it seems that Joker should accept the punishment by law or official rather than â€Å"vigilante justice†. This is because Joker is created and considered as an â€Å"evil† character in the movie/story; yet, he is still a human being who should receive the basic human right and dignity as well as respect.However/last but not the least, the character â€Å"Batman† instead of â€Å"Joker† is the main discussion from the aspect of â€Å"virtue ethics† in the final perspectives. The question is: if Batman kills the Joker, is there any guarantee that all problems can be solved out in Gotham City? Also, it is against one of Batman’s personal principles—to take/have â€Å"his enemies’ lives†.According to above three ethical perspectives, White, the author, not only offers the clear arguments, but also explains the reasons whether Joker should be killed or not from Batman’s point of view and from social cultural perspectives. Added to that, the author then applies Batman’s philosophy to other pop culture and phenomena in the end of article, to help readers to look different issues and topics from different viewpoints and aspects, as well as different roles/characters or personalities. Should Batman Kill the Joker Should Batman Kill the Joker? Summary In the very beginning, this article raises the question by asking the reader whether Batman should kill the joker or not and also uses it as the title to draw readers’ attention. Based on the question/topic, the author, Mark White, further discuss different arguments by providing three different schools and perspectives from the Batman’s quandary. First of all, from â€Å"utilitarianism† aspect, Joker is probably deserved to be killed because his death may save more people lives.Secondly/Moreover, on the issue of â€Å"deontology† and the action of â€Å"murder†, the death of Joker might be preferable or even desirable or acceptable as it seems that Joker should accept the punishment by law or official rather than â€Å"vigilante justice†. This is because Joker is created and considered as an â€Å"evil† character in the movie/story; yet, he is still a human being who should receive the basic human right and dignity as well as respect.However/last but not the least, the character â€Å"Batman† instead of â€Å"Joker† is the main discussion from the aspect of â€Å"virtue ethics† in the final perspectives. The question is: if Batman kills the Joker, is there any guarantee that all problems can be solved out in Gotham City? Also, it is against one of Batman’s personal principles—to take/have â€Å"his enemies’ lives†.According to above three ethical perspectives, White, the author, not only offers the clear arguments, but also explains the reasons whether Joker should be killed or not from Batman’s point of view and from social cultural perspectives. Added to that, the author then applies Batman’s philosophy to other pop culture and phenomena in the end of article, to help readers to look different issues and topics from different viewpoints and aspects, as well as different roles/characters or personalities.

Printable ACT Practice Tests PDFs 6 FREE Official Tests

Printable ACT Practice Tests PDFs 6 FREE Official Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips No matter how you prep for the ACT- whether you have a tutor, take a class, or study by yourself- you must get access to official, printable ACT tests. These tests are released by ACT, Inc., and contain real questions given to actual students on previous test dates. Although all of these questions have been removed from circulation (meaning you won't ever see them on the real ACT), their quality is second to none when it comes to realistic ACT practice. In this post, I'll tell you where you can find all official, printable ACT practice tests with answer keys. I'll also give you key strategies to help you make big improvements on each practice test. 6 Free, Printable ACT Practice Tests Below are all six currently available PDFs for official ACT tests. Even though some practice tests are old (dating as far back as 2005), the format of the ACT hasn't changed much since then (except for the introduction of a redesigned Writing section in 2015), so you're basically still taking the same test from more than a decade ago. ACT Printable Practice Test 2018-2019 (Form 74FPRE) Test: p11-55. Answer key: p57-60. ACT Printable Practice Test 2015-16 (Form 72CPRE) Test: p11-55. Answer key: p57-62. ACT Printable Practice Test 2014-15 (Form 67C) Test: p11-51 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p56-62. ACT Printable Practice Test 2011-12 (Form 64E) Test: p13-56 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p60-65. ACT Printable Practice Test 2008-09 (Form 61C) Test: p13-55 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p60-64. ACT Printable Practice Test 2005-06 (Form 59F) Test: p13-55 (ignore the essay). Answer key: p60-65. Each test includes a full answer key so you can grade your test. Notice a few years missing? That's because ACT, Inc., often duplicates the same practice test in consecutive years. For example, the 2015-16 test is identical to the 2016-17 and 2017-18 tests. We've included the form ID for each test (in parentheses) so that you can check what's the same and what's different (the ID is located in the bottom-left corner of each page). Once you've downloaded a PDF practice test, I recommend printing it out and working through it on paper using official time limits (more on this in a moment). Note that these tests are not a cure-all for your ACT problems. To use them effectively, you'll need to learn what they do and don't do. You'll also need to make sure you're using ACT practice tests at an optimal frequency (in other words, don't take one too close to your ACT test date!). But how else can you utilize official practice tests in your ACT prep? 6 Strategies to Get the Most Out Of ACT Practice Tests When you set aside four hours for an ACT practice test, it's important to try to get the most out of your time and energy. Using our six critical tips below as you take your ACT tests can help you prepare more effectively for test day. #1: Print Out the Test and Work Through It on Paper You're going to take the actual ACT on paper (as opposed to a computer), so it's best to emulate this format by taking each practice test on paper, too. Do your scratch work directly in your "test book" (in other words, not on separate pieces of scratch paper- remember, you won't get any extra paper on test day, though you are allowed to take notes directly on your test!). If you're taking the Writing (essay) section, be sure to use the lined essay paper (included in each PDF above) to write out your essay by hand. #2: Keep Strict Timing on Every Section Many students struggle with time pressure on the ACT. Going over a section's time limit by just two minutes can make a noticeable difference in your score since you're essentially giving yourself the chance to answer two or three more questions. This is why it's so important to adhere to the official time limits. Not only will this help you get used to the test structure, but it'll also let you learn how to identify your weaknesses. Here are the official time limits on the ACT as well as approximately how long you should aim to spend per question on each section: ACT Section Time per Section Time per Question English 45 minutes 36 seconds Math 60 minutes 60 seconds Reading 35 minutes 52 seconds Science 35 minutes 52 seconds Writing (Optional) 40 minutes 40 minutes Last but not least, the ACT isn't without breaks, so make sure to rest during your test, too! #3: Take the Test in One Sitting, If Possible The ACT is a marathon: it lasts about four hours, and you have to take it on a Saturday morning. Thousands of students have told me how difficult it is to stay focused during the whole exam and how easy it is to make careless mistakes at the end of the test. Just like training for a marathon, you need to ensure you've got enough endurance to be able to succeed on the ACT. And the best way to do this is to take a practice test in one sitting- just as you will on test day. If there's no possible way for you to take an ACT test in one sitting (for example, maybe you're an athlete and have practice every day that completely wears you out), it's OK to split up the test over multiple days- just as long as you're obeying each section's time limit exactly. In the end, it's better to do some practice than none at all! #4: Review Your Answers and Mistakes The main point of taking ACT practice tests isn't just getting to do a lot of questions- it's being able to learn from your mistakes. For every test you take, review all of your mistakes as well as every question you got right. If you don't know why you missed a question, don't gloss over it! Doing this means you won't learn from your mistakes and will keep making them over and over again, thereby lowering your score. Ultimately, learn to prize study quality over quantity. It's better to take three ACT practice tests with detailed review instead of six practice tests with no review. #5: Take At Least 4 Practice Tests Before Test Day Based on my experience with thousands of students, I've found that taking four practice tests makes you extremely comfortable with the ACT in all respects: timing, endurance, and even stress. While you can definitely take more than four tests if you want, you'll need to balance this practice with some focused prep on your weaknesses so that you can make faster progress. #6: No Score Improvement? Supplement Your Practice Tests Some students are great at using practice tests to study by themselves- they'll see a mistake they made, instantly realize why they made it, and then avoid making it in the future. That said, most students need additional help with pinpointing their weaknesses and getting down key test-taking skills and strategies. Some of the best options for prep help include hiring a tutor, buying a comprehensive ACT prep book, and taking an online ACT prep course. Our dedicated guide can help you figure out which ACT prep method works best for you. What's Next? Ready to get a perfect ACT score? Read our famous guide on what it takes, written by an expert 36 scorer. If you're aiming for top scores on all four sections of the ACT, read our in-depth strategy guides on how to get a 36 on ACT English, ACT Math, ACT Reading, and ACT Science. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Tourism in Vietnam Essay Essay Example

Tourism in Vietnam Essay Essay Example Tourism in Vietnam Essay Essay Tourism in Vietnam Essay Essay Tourism is promoted by the authoritiess of many developing states because it offers the potency for making occupations. therefore bring forthing income for the state and gross for the gorvement. With its well-preserved cultural diverseness and integral natural home grounds. Vietnam has become a popular tourer finish among out-of-door partisans. There are several types of touristry available in Vietnam. We will analyse Vietnamese touristry and the impact of it to the national economic sciences as below: I. Overview of Vietnam touristry II. Some types of touristry in Vietnam 1. Culinary circuitOverview of the Vietnam Food CultureThe function and how to work the value of nutrient civilization to pull tourers 2. Advanture and activities3. Vietnam sail4. Culture and history5. Luxury vacation III. The impact of touristry to Vietnam economic sciences1. Positive consequence2. Negative consequenceIV. Solution I. Overview of Vietnamese touristryDespite the fact that Vietnam faced many troubles because of the economic downswing. in recent old ages. the country’s touristry industry continued to turn rather healthily. One of the chief factors that supported this growing was intensive promotional activities of industry participants. particularly travel bureaus. travel adjustment participants and air hoses. Indeed. many of these participants used price reductions and sweepstakes programmes as their cardinal method to pull consumer attending. Tourism in Vietnam is a important constituent of the modern Vietnamese economic system. In 2012. Vietnam received more than 6. 8 million international reachings. up from 2. 1 million in the twelvemonth 2000. The one-year addition represented a strong recoil from a little diminution in 2008 Great Recession. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is following a long-run program to diversify the touristry industry. which brings needed foreign ex change into the state. Tourism is progressively of import in Vietnam. For backpackers. civilization and nature lovers. beach-lovers and veterans touring the state for a long clip. Vietnam has emerged itself as a new tourer finish in Southeast Asia and on is now on lists in magazines worldwide. Hotel investors particularly the potency of the 3000-kilometer-long seashore line and the large metropoliss. The touristry offer has been progressively diversified. Local and international circuit operators offer Tourss to cultural minority groups. walking and bike Tourss. kayak trips and multi-country trips in peculiar in connexion with adjacent Cambodia. Laos and Thailand. Vietnam authorities has taken many steps for publicity of touristry. Ministry of touristry provided inducements for change overing normal hotels in luxury. Besides an aggressive publicity of Vietnam touristry run on magazines and Television channels. As of 2013. the Vietnam authorities has intended to put no less than $ 94. 2 billion towards its touristry substructure. Vietnam’s touristry sector predicts 7. 2 million international tourers and gross of up to $ 9. 1 billion for 2013. In 2013. harmonizing to Hayes A ; Jarvis. Vietnam was ranked top 7 most popular British long-haul finishs. surpassing Thailan d. II. Some types of touristry in Vietnam 1. Culinary circuitAlong with researching new civilizations. one of the great joys of travel is the find of new culinary arts. Those unfamiliar with Vietnamese nutrient are in for a dainty. as the national culinary art is flavourful. colourful and highly healthy. a. Overview of the vietnam nutrient civilization Vietnam culinary art brings its ain civilization with North. Central and South. Each part has dishes with both local. influenced the patterns of population and abundant natural conditions. making a diverse culinary civilization of the state. North: Northern Vietnam has long been influenced by its propinquity to China. As the lone portion of the state that experiences four seasons. many dishes are merely available on a seasonal footing. Overall. the nutrient tends to be milder and lighter than that found in the remainder of Vietnam. Central: The initiates claim that cardinal Vietnamese culinary art is the most culturally reliable nutrient in the state. Heavily influenced by the imperial tribunal culinary art of Hue. the nutrient is by and large piquant and well-seasoned. South: Southern culinary art is the most varied of the three. Rich in veggies. rice and seafood. it has incorporated French. Kampuchean and Thai influences into a manner that is distinctively its ain. It is by and large more to a great extent seasoned. tropical and piquant yet sweeter than northern nutrient. b. Hue – the alone culinary art The culinary art of Hu? forms the bosom of Central Vietnamese culinary art. but one of the most dramatic differences is the prominence of vegetarianism in the metropolis. Several all-vegetarian eating houses are scattered in assorted corners of the metropolis to function the locals who have a strong tradition of eating vegetarian twice a month. as portion of their Buddhist beliefs. Another characteristic of Hu? dishes that sets them apart from other regional culinary arts in Vietnam is the comparatively little functioning size with refined presentation. a trace of its royal culinary art. 2. Advanture and activities Adventure touristry is a type of niche touristry affecting geographic expedition or travel to remote countries. where the traveller should anticipate the unexpected. Adventure touristry is quickly turning in popularity as tourers seek unusual vacations. different from the typical beach holiday. Mountaineering expeditions. trekking. bungee jumping. rafting and stone mounting are often cited as an illustration of adventure touristry. Below is some celebrated escapade Tourss in Viet Nam: Sapa. Viet Nam: A great topographic point for trekking Tourss: Sapa is one of the most celebrated topographic points for Tourss and vacations in Vietnam. Has been well-known as a great finish for trekking Tourss. it is a little town in maintain country in Lao Cai state. Located in a tallness of 1500 metres compared to sea degree. Sapa is the hometown of five different cultural groups: H’mong. Red Dao. Xa Pho. Tay and Giay. There is a great and fantastic mountain scope called Hoang Lien Son which consists of Fanxipan Mountain. 3. 143 metres height. the highest 1 in Vietnam. Sapa has been celebrated for trekking Tourss and vacations in Vietnam. Sapa privilege is a great pick for escapade and trekking Tourss because of perfect conditions and clime. Travelers come to Sapa hold broad scopes of picks for their trekking Tourss from 1 twenty-four hours to 9 yearss. With its stunning mountains. small towns and beautiful Valley which is called Muong Hoa. Sapa provides some thing for everyone. Mai Chau Puluong: The most beautiful country in north west Vietnam. the moutaineus Pu Luong Nature Reserve presents a challenge to those who are fit plenty to research it. This is an country of outstanding beauty. an exciting mix of civilizations. and rich biodiversity stretching from Mai Chau in the Northwest to Cuc Phuong National Park in the sou-east. The part is blessed with exuberant wood. huge limestone view. brilliant rice patios and breathtaking scenery. This is a ambitious trek. 3. Vietnam sail As we knew. Vietnam touristry is more and more development. And one of hot subdivisions of touristry is cruise. Although Vietnam is a underdeveloped state. there are a batch of beautiful topographic points. admirations in the universe. Visiting Vietnam. tourer will bask and loosen up. In a long clip. the proportion of tourers from the sail incomes than the national touristry no important alterations. although coastal countries is district has many advantages over the other districts of touristry resources †¦ Vietnam sea touristry has yet to do a particular entreaty to tourers. Sea touristry potential- island Vietnam. Marine touristry is going a strategic development of the touristry industry to take advantage of the landscape and ecology of coastal countries for economic development. increased income for husbandmans every bit good as addition the cardinal budget and local. In a recent workshop on the direction and development of marine touristry. the island of Vietnam. experts assert travel and touristry economic system Sea Island is one of 5 discovery in the nautical economic system and countries. With a coastline of over 3. 000 kilometres. 1000s of big and little islands. a series of white flaxen beaches. bluish H2O coastline are favourable conditions for Vietnam’s sea touristry development. Beaches. bays of Vietnam travellers worldwide known as Ha long Bay. Nha Trang or Da Nang beach was voted by Forbes Magazine as one of the most charming beaches 6 planets †¦ are stating the pull of the sea to Vietnam for domestic and foreign tourers. Along the seashore of Vietnam has approximatel y 125 beaches favourable for the development of touristry. the beach was over 30 investing and development. In peculiar. the maritime sector has great possible for development investing as Ha long Bay – Haiphong – Cat Ba ; Hue – Da Nang – Quang Nam ; Van Phong – Dai Lanh – Nha Trang ; Vung Tau – Long Hai – Con Dao ; Ha Tien – Phu Quoc ; Phan Thiet – Mui Ne. With the terrain in between sail touristry hub in the part are Hong Kong and Singapore. a state with a stable political economic system of development. particularly with the advantage of coastline with many memorials Nature and civilization †¦ a UNESCO Vietnam has a batch of advantages to develop cruise touristry. The seas. islands and coastal countries presently pulling a batch of tourers. has great possible for development should from now until 2020. the province bureau will hold to put to a great extent in substructure. merchandises. publicities †¦ to 2020 Marine touristry income reached 10 billion US dollars. Been blessed over 3. 600km of coastline. Viet nam has many advantages for the development of sail touristry. With the figure of tourers to increase in recent old ages. touristry coastal countries have strong growing in gross. 4. Culture and history The history of Vietnam may be unfamiliar for most visitants. with the exclusion of Vietnam war period. Vietnamese people. nevertheless. have a batch of grounds to be proud of their historical heritage. Vietnamese are. in fact. one of the most ancient civilisations in Asia. Did you know that the first Vietnamese land was founded about five thousand old ages before Vietnam war happened? It is obvious that if you want to understand the state. its people. traditions and the national character of the Vietnamese. you have to get down your geographic expedition with the cognition of history of Vietnam. Visiting Tan Trao Historic Site to larn the August 1945 Revolution Tan Trao used to be the radical base of Vietnam before the August 1945 Revolution. Today. Tan Trao is non merely a historical country but is an attractive finish of Tuyen Quang for tourers in Vietnam travel every bit good. Tan Trao Historical Site is an ideal finish for those who like to detect historic sites every bit good as learn more about history of Vietnam. Ao dai – the traditional costume of Vietnam Ao Dai was one time worn by both genders but today it is worn chiefly by females. except for certain of import traditional culture-related occasions where some work forces do wear it. Ao Dai consists of a long gown with a slit on both sides. worn over cotton or silk pants. 5. Luxury vacation What do you cognize about luxury Tourss? The definition of luxury travel keeps turning and altering. So what is a luxury holiday? It depends on whom you ask. But I can state that something that is an indulgence instead than necessity. deluxe or expensive. copiousness or great easiness and comfort – these are all definitions of luxury. The general state of affairs of luxury touristry in Vietnam Vietnam now has universe trouble hotels and resorts. beachs and culinary art. in farther to a healthy beauty. abounding narrative and normal civilization. Today. luxury Tourss of Vietnam offer a batch of services to their clients such as: + Prefering suites in Vietnam’s best luxury hotels and resorts. + Highly individualized path planning. + Private usher and driver for in depth cultural touring based on customer’s involvements. + Upon petition. eating house reserves. meetings with creative persons. cooking teachers and interior decorators. shopping recommendations. spa reserves. Tourss with special-interest lectors and sole entree to local activities and cultural events. So luxury touristry is developing really rapidly. On the other manus. the monetary value of luxury Tourss is really expensive and merely the richs can utilize that services. Some finish of luxury Tourss: Ba Na hill and Vinpearl Land are two of finishs of luxury Tourss in Vietnam. III. The impact of touristry to Vietnam economic sciences 1. Positive consequence Although the touristry industry in Vietnam is still developing. it plays a cardinal economic function in the state. Tourism attracts foreign investing and creates occupations. It besides provides investing chances for little concern proprietors. Switching the Vietnamese work force from agribusiness to the services industry created by touristry growing presents the potency for higher disposable incomes and decreased poorness. Tourism in Vietnam benefits the hotel. building and retail sectors every bit good as other service-oriented industries. A service-based economic system requires higher instruction degrees than a subsistence agricultural economic system. since touristry sector occupations include receptionists. clerks and tour ushers who must interact with the populace and maintain precise concern paperss. Seeking locally owned and operated concerns directs the most money to local economic systems. 2. Negative consequence Successful touristry relies on set uping a basic substructure. such as roads. visitant centres and hotels. The cost of this normally falls on the authorities. so it has to come out of revenue enhancement grosss. Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paid. yet touristry can force up local belongings monetary values and the cost of goods and services. Money generated by touristry does non ever profit the local community. as some of it leaks out to immense international companies. such as hotel ironss. Destinations dependant on touristry can be adversely affected by events such as terrorist act. natural catastrophes and economic recession IV. Some possible solution In the following stage. Travel Vietnam continues to keep a sustainable development position with the purpose of developing touristry really go a spearhead economic sector. doing Vietnam go an attractive finish and category of country. To accomplish that end. the touristry industry should concentrate on developing touristry quality. branded. extremely professional and modern on the footing of optimum development of resources and national advantages. to advance interdisciplinary. inter-regional and socialisation. and the function of concern kineticss. Identify mark market sections for the intent of travel and ability to pay ; precedence to pull tourers affordability high. strictly for touristry. long corsets. Development of the domestic market focused resort hotel. amusement. festivals. shopping. Beginnings:hypertext transfer protocol: //www. trails. com/list_39950_impacts-tourism-vietnam. html hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Main_Pagehypertext transfer protocol: //aut. researchgateway. Ac. nz/bitstream/handle/10292/769/Bui_DT. pdf ; jsessionid=B63C881EC44FD2E13604E2E295CDBA48? sequence=4 PreparationI. Overview of Vietnam touristry1. Economy go down while touristry grows healthily Despite the fact that Vietnam faced many troubles because of the economic downswing. in recent old ages. the country’s touristry industry continued to turn rather healthily. One of the chief factors that supported this growing was intensive promotional activities of industry participants. particularly travel bureaus. travel adjustment and air hoses. Indeed. many of these participants used price reductions and sweepstakes programmes as their cardinal method to pull consumer attending. Tourism in Vietnam is a important constituent of the modern Vietnamese economic system. In 2012. Vietnam received more than 6. 8 million international reachings. up from 2. 1 million in the twelvemonth 2000. The one-year addition represented a strong recoil from a little diminution in 2008 Great Recession. National Administration of Tourism is following a long-run program to diversify the touristry industry. which brings needed foreign exchange into the state. 2. The importance of touristry in Vietnam economic For backpackers. civilization and nature lovers. beach-lovers and veterans touring the state for a long clip. Vietnam has emerged itself as a new tourer finish in Southeast Asia and on is now on lists in magazines worldwide. Hotel investors particularly the potency of the 3000-kilometer-long seashore line and the large metropoliss. The touristry offer has been progressively diversified. Local and international circuit operators offer Tourss to cultural minority groups. walking and bike Tourss. kayak trips and multi-country trips in peculiar in connexion with adjacent Cambodia. Laos and Thailand. 3. Promoting touristry Vietnam authorities has taken many steps for publicity of touristry. Ministry of touristry provided inducements for change overing normal hotels in luxury. Besides an aggressive publicity of Vietnam touristry run on magazines and Television channels. As of 2013. the Vietnam authorities has intended to put no less than $ 94. 2 billion towards its touristry substructure. Vietnam’s touristry sector predicts 7. 2 million international tourers and gross of up to $ 9. 1 billion for 2013. In 2013. harmonizing to Hayes A ; Jarvis. Vietnam was ranked top 7 most popular British long-haul finishs. surpassing Thailand. 2. Gap – make fullingVietnam authorities has taken many steps for †¦ . . of touristry. Answer: Development II. Some types of touristry in Vietnam1. Culinary circuitAlong with researching new civilizations. one of the great joys of travel is the find of new culinary arts. Those unfamiliar with Vietnamese nutrient are in for a dainty. as the national culinary art is flavourful. colourful and highly healthy. a. Overview of the Vietnam nutrient Vietnam culinary art brings its ain civilization with North. Central and South. Each part has dishes with both local. influenced the patterns of population and abundant natural conditions. making a diverse culinary civilization of the state. North: Northern Vietnam has long been influenced by its propinquity to China. As the lone portion of the state that experiences four seasons. many dishes are merely available on a seasonal footing. Overall. the nutrient tends to be milder and lighter than that found in the remainder of Vietnam. Central: The initiates claim that cardinal Vietnamese culinary art is the most culturally reliable nutrient in the state. Heavily influenced by the imperial tribunal culinary art of Hue. the nutrient is by and large piquant and well-seasoned. South: Southern culinary art is the most varied of the three. Rich in veggies. rice and seafood. it has incorporated French. Kampuchean and Thai influences into a manner that is distinctively its ain. It is by and lar ge more to a great extent seasoned. tropical and piquant yet sweeter than northern nutrient. b. Hue – the alone culinary art The culinary art of Hu? forms the bosom of Central Vietnamese culinary art. but one of the most dramatic differences is the prominence of vegetarianism in the metropolis. Several all-vegetarian eating houses are scattered in assorted corners of the metropolis to function the locals who have a strong tradition of eating vegetarian twice a month. as portion of their Buddhist beliefs. Another characteristic of Hu? dishes that sets them apart from other regional culinary arts in Vietnam is the comparatively little functioning size with refined presentation. a trace of its royal culinary art. Questions: Name some celebrated dishes in three parts of Vietnam. North: ( Pho? . co?m. bu?n da?u ma?m tom ) Cardinal: ( ba?nh Thai va?t. ba?nh be?o. mi? qua?ng ) South: ( ba?nh xe?o. duong du?a. thi?t kho ta?u ) 2. Advanture and activities Adventure touristry is a type of niche touristry affecting geographic expedition or travel to remote countries. where the traveller should anticipate the unexpected. Adventure touristry is quickly turning in popularity as tourers seek unusual vacations. different from the typical beach holiday. Mountaineering expeditions. trekking. bungee jumping. rafting and stone mounting are often cited as an illustration of adventure touristry. Some celebrated escapade Tourss in Viet Nam: Sapa. Mai Chau Puluong Sapa. Viet Nam: A great topographic point for trekking Tourss: Sapa has been celebrated for trekking Tourss and vacations in Vietnam. Sapa privilege is a great pick for escapade and trekking Tourss because of perfect conditions and clime. Travelers come to Sapa hold broad scopes of picks for their trekking Tourss from 1 twenty-four hours to 9 yearss. With its stunning mountains. small towns and beautiful Valley which is called Muong Hoa. Sapa provides some thing for everyone. Mai Chau: The most beautiful country in north west Vietnam. the moutaineus Pu Luong Nature Reserve presents a challenge to those who are fit plenty to research it. This is an country of outstanding beauty. an exciting mix of civilizations. and rich biodiversity stretching from Mai Chau in the Northwest to Cuc Phuong National Park in the sou-east. The part is blessed with exuberant wood. huge limestone view. brilliant rice patios and breathtaking scenery. This is a ambitious trek. Question: Question 1: How many advanturing games do you cognize?Answer: trekking. bungee jumping. rafting and stone mounting 3. Vietnam sail As we knew. Vietnam touristry is more and more development. And one of hot subdivisions of touristry is cruise. Although Vietnam is a underdeveloped state. there are a batch of beautiful topographic points. admirations in the universe. Visiting Vietnam. tourer will bask and loosen up. In a long clip. the proportion of tourers from the sail incomes than the national touristry no important alterations. although coastal countries is district has many advantages over the other districts of touristry resources †¦ Vietnam sea touristry has yet to do a particular entreaty to tourers. With the terrain in between sail touristry hub in the part are Hong Kong and Singapore. a state with a stable political economic system of development. particularly with the advantage of coastline with many memorials Nature and civilization †¦ a UNESCO Vietnam has a batch of advantages to develop cruise touristry. The seas. islands and coastal countries presently pulling a batch of tourers. has great possible for development should from now until 2020. the province bureau will hold to put to a great extent in substructure. merchandises. publicities †¦ to 2020 Marine touristry income reached 10 billion US dollars. Been blessed over 3. 600km of coastline. Vietnam has many advantages for the development of sail touristry. With the figure of tourers to increase in recent old ages. touristry coastal countries have strong growing in gross. 4. Culture and history It is obvious that if you want to understand the state. its people. traditions and the national character of the Vietnamese. you have to get down your geographic expedition with the cognition of civilization and history of Vietnam. Visiting Tan Trao Historic Site to larn the August 1945 Revolution Tan Trao used to be the radical base of Vietnam before the August 1945 Revolution. Today. Tan Trao is non merely a historical country but is an attractive finish of Tuyen Quang for tourers in Vietnam travel every bit good. Tan Trao Historical Site is an ideal finish for those who like to detect historic sites every bit good as learn more about history of Vietnam. Ao dai – the traditional costume of Vietnam Ao Dai was one time worn by both genders but today it is worn chiefly by females. except for certain of import traditional culture-related occasions where some work forces do wear it. Ao Dai consists of a long gown with a slit on both sides. worn over cotton or silk pants. Question: Gap – filling: If you want to understand the state. its people. traditions and the national character of the Vietnamese. you have to get down your geographic expedition with the cognition of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Answer: culture/history 5. Luxury vacation What do you cognize about luxury Tourss? The definition of luxury travel keeps turning and altering. So what is a luxury holiday? It depends on whom you ask. But I can state that something that is an indulgence instead than necessity. deluxe or expensive. copiousness or great easiness and comfort – these are all definitions of luxury. The general state of affairs of luxury touristry in Vietnam Vietnam now has universe trouble hotels and resorts. beachs and culinary art. in farther to a healthy beauty. abounding narrative and normal civilization. Today. luxury Tourss of Vietnam offer a batch of services to their clients such as: + Prefering suites in Vietnam’s best luxury hotels and resorts. + Highly individualized path planning. + Private usher and driver for in depth cultural touring based on customer’s involvements. + Upon petition. eating house reserves. 5 – star dishes. shopping recommendations. spa reserves. sole entree to local activities and cultural events. So luxury touristry is developing really rapidly. On the other manus. the monetary value of luxury Tourss is really expensive and merely the richs can utilize that services. Some finish of luxury Tourss: Ba Na hill and Vinpearl Land are two of finishs of luxury Tourss in Vietnam. Question: Question 2: What have Luxury Tourt of Viet Nam offered to function their clients? Answer:Best luxury hotels and resortsHighly personalized itinerary planningPrivate usher and driver for in depth cultural touring based on customer’s involvements restaurant reserves. 5 – star dishes. shopping recommendations. spa reserves. sole entree to local activities and cultural events Super Text Twist Game: 1. The site of Miss Universe 2008 and Miss Earth 20102. A so called Panduranga. celebrated heritage3. Tourist finish in Binh Duong4. A beautiful island celebrated fish sauce5. A historic temple. built in 1601 on the order of the first Nguy?n Godheads6. Temple of literature. built in 10707. The forth largest metropolis in Vietnam8. The capital of resort in Vietnam Answer:1. Nha trang2. Tha?p cha?m3. Da?i Nam4. Phu? Quo?c5. Thie?n Mu?6. Quo?c tu? gia?m7. Ca?n Tho8. Mu?i Ne?Vertical: Tha?p Muo?i III. The impact of touristry to Vietnam economic sciences1. Positive consequenceAlthough the touristry industry in Vietnam is still developing. it plays a cardinal economic function in the state. Tourism attracts foreign investing and creates occupations. It besides provides investing chances for little concern proprietors. Switching the Vietnamese work force from agribusiness to the services industry created by touristry growing presents the potency for higher disposable incomes and decreased poorness. Tourism in Vietnam benefits the hotel. building and retail sectors every bit good as other service-oriented industries. A service-based economic system requires higher instruction degrees than a subsistence agricultural economic system. since touristry sector occupations include receptionists. clerks and tour ushers who must interact with the populace and maintain precise concern paperss. Seeking locally owned and operated concerns directs the most money to local economic systems. 3. Negative consequence Successful touristry relies on set uping a basic substructure. such as roads. visitant centres and hotels. The cost of this normally falls on the authorities. so it has to come out of revenue enhancement grosss. Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paid. yet touristry can force up local belongings monetary values and the cost of goods and services. Money generated by touristry does non ever profit the local community. as some of it leaks out to immense international companies. such as hotel ironss. Destinations dependant on touristry can be adversely affected by events such as terrorist act. natural catastrophes and economic recession. Questions: Question 3: Can you state me the positive consequence of touristry to Vietnam economic system? Answer:cardinal economic function in the stateattracts foreign investingcreates occupationsprovides investing chances for little concern proprietorsSwitching the Vietnamese work force from agribusiness to the services industry higher disposable incomes and decreased poornessbenefits the hotel. building and retail sectors every bit good as other service-oriented industries Question 4: Can you state me the negative consequenceof touristry to Vietnam economic system? Answer:relies on set uping a basic substructure = gt ; autumn on the gorvernment = gt ; revenue enhancement grosss Jobs created by touristry are frequently seasonal and ailing paidpush up local belongings monetary values and the cost of goods and services Money leaks out to immense international companiesFinishs dependent on touristry can be adversely affected by events such as terrorist act. natural catastrophes and economic recession. IV. Some possible solutionIn the following stage. Travel Vietnam continues to keep a sustainable development position with the purpose of developing touristry really go a spearhead economic sector. doing Vietnam go an attractive finish and category of country. To accomplish that end. the touristry industry should concentrate on developing touristry quality. branded. extremely professional and modern on the footing of optimum development of resources and national advantages. to advance interdisciplinary. inter-regional and socialisation. and the function of concern kineticss. Identify mark market sections for the intent of travel and ability to pay ; precedence to pull tourers affordability high. strictly for touristry. long corsets. Development of the domestic market focused resort hotel. amusement. festivals. shopping.

What Everyone Should Know About the Vietnam War

What Everyone Should Know About the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was the prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting to unify the country of Vietnam under a communist government and the United States (with the aid of the South Vietnamese) attempting to prevent the spread of communism. Engaged in a war that many viewed as having no way to win, U.S. leaders lost the American publics support for the war. Since the end of the war, the Vietnam War has become a benchmark for what not to do in all future U.S. foreign conflicts. Dates of the Vietnam War: 1959 April 30, 1975 Also Known As: American War in Vietnam, the Vietnam Conflict, Second Indochina War, War Against the Americans to Save the Nation Ho Chi Minh Comes Home There had been fighting in Vietnam for decades before the Vietnam War began. The Vietnamese had suffered under French colonial rule for nearly six decades when Japan invaded portions of Vietnam in 1940. It was in 1941 when Vietnam had two foreign powers occupying them, that communist Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh arrived back in Vietnam after spending 30 years traveling the world. Once Ho was back in Vietnam, he established a headquarters in a cave in northern Vietnam and established the Viet Minh, whose goal was to rid Vietnam of the French and Japanese occupiers. Having gained support for their cause in northern Vietnam, the Viet Minh announced the establishment of an independent Vietnam with a new government called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2, 1945. The French, however, were not willing to give up their colony so easily and fought back. For years, Ho had tried to court the United States to support him against the French, including supplying the U.S. with military intelligence about the Japanese during World War II. Despite this aid, the United States was fully dedicated to their Cold War foreign policy of containment, which meant preventing the spread of communism. This fear of the spread of communism was heightened by the U.S. domino theory, which stated that if one country in Southeast Asia fell to communism then surrounding countries would also soon fall. To help prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist country, the U.S. decided to help France defeat Ho and his revolutionaries by sending the French military aid in 1950. Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion at Dien Bien Phu in north-west Vietnam, the site of a major battle between the French and the Vietminh in 1954. Ernst Haas/Getty Images France Steps Out, U.S. Steps In In 1954, after suffering a decisive defeat at Dien Bien Phu, the French decided to pull out of Vietnam. At the Geneva Conference of 1954, a number of nations met to determine how the French could peacefully withdraw. The agreement that came out of the conference (called the Geneva Accords) stipulated a cease-fire for the peaceful withdrawal of French forces and the temporary division of Vietnam along the 17th parallel (which split the country into communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam). In addition, a general democratic election was to be held in 1956 that would reunite the country under one government. The United States refused to agree to the election, fearing the communists might win. With help from the United States, South Vietnam carried out the election only in South Vietnam rather than countrywide. After eliminating most of his rivals, Ngo Dinh Diem was elected. His leadership, however, proved so horrible that he was killed in 1963 during a coup supported by the United States. Since Diem had alienated many South Vietnamese during his tenure, communist sympathizers in South Vietnam established the National Liberation Front (NLF), also known as the Viet Cong, in 1960 to use guerrilla warfare against the South Vietnamese. First U.S. Ground Troops Sent to Vietnam As the fighting between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese continued, the U.S. continued to send additional advisers to South Vietnam. When the North Vietnamese fired directly upon two U.S. ships in international waters on August 2 and 4, 1964 (known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident), Congress responded with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. This resolution gave the president the authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam. President Lyndon Johnson used that authority to order the first U.S. ground troops to Vietnam in March 1965. President Johnson Announces Retaliation for Gulf of Tonkin Incident.   Historical/Getty Images Johnsons Plan for Success President Johnsons goal for U.S. involvement in Vietnam was not for the U.S. to win the war, but for U.S. troops to bolster South Vietnams defenses until South Vietnam could take over. By entering the Vietnam War without a goal to win, Johnson set the stage for future public and troop disappointment when the U.S. found themselves in a stalemate with the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong. From 1965 to 1969, the U.S. was involved in a limited war in Vietnam. Although there were aerial bombings of the North, President Johnson wanted the fighting to be limited to South Vietnam. By limiting the fighting parameters, the U.S. forces would not conduct a serious ground assault into the North to attack the communists directly nor would there be any strong effort to disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Viet Congs supply path that ran through Laos and Cambodia). Life in the Jungle U.S. troops fought a jungle war, mostly against the well-supplied Viet Cong. The Viet Cong would attack in ambushes, set up booby traps, and escape through a complex network of underground tunnels. For U.S. forces, even just finding their enemy proved difficult. Since Viet Cong hid in the dense brush, U.S. forces would drop Agent Orange or napalm bombs, which cleared an area by causing the leaves to drop off or to burn away. In every village, U.S. troops had difficulty determining which, if any, villagers were the enemy since even women and children could build booby traps or help house and feed the Viet Cong. U.S. soldiers commonly became frustrated with the fighting conditions in Vietnam. Many suffered from low morale, became angry, and some used drugs. Troops Fighting during the Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War. Bettmann/Getty Images Surprise Attack - The Tet Offensive On January 30, 1968, the North Vietnamese surprised both the U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese by orchestrating a coordinated assault with the Viet Cong to attack about a hundred South Vietnamese cities and towns. Although the U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese army were able to repel the assault known as the  Tet Offensive, this attack proved to Americans that the enemy was stronger and better organized than they had been led to believe. The  Tet Offensive  was a turning point in the war because President Johnson, faced now with an unhappy American public and bad news from his military leaders in Vietnam, decided to no longer escalate the war. Nixons Plan for Peace With Honor In 1969,  Richard Nixon  became the new U.S. president and he had his own plan to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam.   President Nixon  outlined a plan called Vietnamization, which was a process to remove U.S. troops from Vietnam while handing back the fighting to the South Vietnamese. The withdrawal of U.S. troops began in July 1969. To bring a faster end to hostilities, President Nixon also expanded the war into other countries, such as Laos and Cambodia- a move that created thousands of protests, especially on college campuses, back in America. To work toward peace, new peace talks began in Paris on January 25, 1969. When the U.S. had withdrawn most of its troops from Vietnam, the North Vietnamese staged another massive assault, called the  Easter Offensive  (also called the Spring Offensive), on March 30, 1972. North Vietnamese troops crossed over the demilitarized zone (DMZ) at the 17th parallel and invaded South Vietnam. The remaining U.S. forces and the South Vietnamese army fought back. Representatives from the four factions of the Vietnam War meet in Paris to sign a peace agreement. Bettmann/Getty Images The Paris Peace Accords On January 27, 1973, the peace talks in Paris finally succeeded in producing a cease-fire agreement. The last U.S. troops left Vietnam on March 29, 1973, knowing they were leaving a weak South Vietnam who would not be able to withstand another major communist North Vietnam attack. Reunification of Vietnam After the U.S. had withdrawn all its troops, the fighting continued in Vietnam. In early 1975, North Vietnam made another big push south which toppled the South Vietnamese government. South Vietnam officially surrendered to communist North Vietnam on April 30, 1975. On July 2, 1976, Vietnam was reunited as a  communist country, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Inditex(Zara) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inditex(Zara) - Case Study Example The United States of America is acknowledged to be a graveyard for European retailers. Everyone who goes there is believed to have struggled with comparisons to Laura Ashley’s shutting down and Benetton’s declining. The US is believed to be a complex market as shopping malls are located in the middle of nowhere while the real fashionistas live around the East and West coasts. In addition, everyone nowadays is dressing in Wal-Mart, the Gap and T. J. Maxx. If one is to open a successful fashion retail stores in the US, they would have to open at least 300 and focus all their energy into it to make it work. Another problem causing the inability of Inditex (Zara) to break the US market is a matter of size. For starters, the store is European which means it makes European style clothes. The clothes just would not fit in the US fashion where most of the clothes are for small bodied people. Therefore, Inditex would have to ask themselves why make production more complex? More money would have to go into producing new clothes that fit the US market. Inditex is a pioneer in the fashion industry essentially imitating the latest fashion trends and speed the cheaper imitated versions into stores. Badia (2009) Every one of their brands follow the Zara brand: trendy, decent but inexpensive products sold to people in beautiful, high-end stores. Zara has similar prices to the Gap with coats going for $200, T-shirts at $30 and sweaters for $70. Inditex now makes 840 million clothes every year and has around 5,900 stores located in 85 different countries. Arnarsson (2009) stated those numbers keep changing as in recent years, the company has already been opening more than one store a day or about 500 every year. Recently, there are around 4400 stores located in Europe and about 2000 Spain only. The company’s roots go back in 1963 when the railway worker’s son, Ortega, started a company making robes and housecoats in La Coruna. Oshea (2012) reveals he opened his

Employee Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee Development - Research Paper Example Employee development leads to employee motivation and job satisfaction. A growth-oriented workplace culture works on improving small occurrences so that overall growth is guaranteed. Growth relates to each and every employee at the workplace. The development in the quality of existing employees’ skills and the quantity of skilled workers leads to overall organizational growth. The most precious asset that a company may cherish is its employees, and it needs to be seriously concerned with all issues that may dissatisfy, frustrate or depress them. Without happy employees, no strategy is going to work, and no progress will be seen in the long run. Also, employee development programs result in job retention which is necessary to save organizational finances. Opening new opportunities for employees, so that they can develop expertise, makes them stay happy with their jobs. This can be done through training and learning sessions, along with providing such avenues to employees where they can practice new ideas. In this paper, we shall discuss what research suggests about the benefits of employee development, both for the employee and the employer. Discussion Gallie et al. (2010) describe in their research how teamwork can be used as a strategy to enhance employees’ skills and, ultimately, organizational success. They have explained the benefits of teamwork in task discretion, skill development, organizational commitment, discretionary effort, and employee welfare. Talking about employee development, they state that teamwork creates such an environment in which employees can learn new skills and competencies. This is because the employer distributes tasks on multi-functional basis, requiring different people with different skill sets. This system of work organization requires employees to work on a collaborative platform on which they share their ideas, and get motivated by each other’s talents and capabilities. This makes them bring the best out o f their skills to accomplish the tasks assigned to them. Constructive criticism, feedback, and further appreciation motivates them, leading to successful employee development. The researchers found that employees, who were the participants of their research, stated that their jobs required them to learn and help other employees learn new things, when they worked in semi-autonomous or self-managed teams. Ellinger et al. (2008) prove our thesis statement in their research, by stating that employee development strategies, such as training, coaching and empowerment, lead to successful employee development that is beneficial to both the employees and the employers. They conducted their research on 123 logistic service provider firms using multi-survey design methodology, and found that firms which employed employee development programs performed better than those which did not value employee development. They emphasized that service-related training is the most important thing that impro ves employees’ skills. Training, which occurs after orientation, is a process in which employers intend to enhance employees’ performance through teaching them new skills and competencies, with the use of which, they can enhance their performance in their job areas. Training modifies the thinking of employees, and is a never-ending process. It makes employees efficient and

Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Introduction - Essay Example The esterification equilibrium is displaced towards ester formation by use of an acid or large excess of alcohol. Additionally, the esterification reaction can be displaced by removal of water using a dehydrating agent e.g. sulphuric acid or distilling off the water. Esters can as well be prepared from alcohols with acid anhydrides and acyl halides. The reverse reaction of esterification is called hydrolysis. Esterification cannot be catalyzed by a base but hydrolysis can be catalyzed by OH- ions (Daintith 85). Spectroscopic techniques typically involve the interaction of some form of electromagnetic energy with molecules to generate a spectrum that maybe easily translated to disclose the incidence of distinctive groups and structural features. They are regularly used to authoritatively characterize the chemical, physical and specific structural attributes of an organic molecule. They are mainly efficient when analyzing a unadulterated compounds. They include: Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy- a technique for observing distinctive bending and stretching frequencies of bonds. The spectra of regular organic functional groups have characteristic Infra-Red light absorption ranges that maybe used to identify functional groups in an unidentified organic compound. Additionally, the fingerprint region of an IR spectrum usually provides a distinctive pattern for an organic molecule. This pattern can be used for identifying an organic compound by comparing it with a known sample (Fox and James 209). Nucl ear Magnetic Resonance-a technique that identifies the nuclear spin flipping provoked in the radio frequency array of a molecule placed in a high magnetic field. Because 1H as well as 13C are magnetically vigorous nuclei. NMR spectroscopy may offer crucial structural information about organic molecules. Information acquired from H-NMR and C-NMR is corresponding. In H-NMR: the chemical shifts,

How Antibotic Resistance occurs and Prevention of Resistance Essay

How Antibotic Resistance occurs and Prevention of Resistance - Essay Example The situation is so serious that some medical experts have suggested the fact that the medical field might again fall into the dark period where there were no antibiotics (Davies & Davies 2010). Antibiotic resistance is a serious medical issue that is led to by many reasons and many drug resistance strains have of bacteria have resulted for example the strains of Neisseria gonorrhea. Antibiotic resistance has evolved owing to many underlying causes. Human activities have been a major cause. These include the utilization of antibiotics regularly for agricultural purposes and the disposing of wastes containing a high quantity of the antibiotics. Treatment plans for wastewater are also seen to have high quantities of genes and resistant bacteria. The incorrect use of antibiotics is another reason for the formation of drug resistant strains of bacteria. Genetic changes are the most common reason for the creation of resistance strains. The most common mutations are noted in the genes that code for the ÃŽ ²-lactamase enzymes. Intrinsic resistance is another process which results in resistant bacterial strains. This results as the genetic code of certain bacteria already possesses the capability of forming new resistant strains. Certain bacteria already possess the ability of preventing the functioning of antibiotics and hence this is also a cause of antibiotic resista nce (Davies & Davies 2010). Neisseria gonorrhea is a common bacterial agent which has had many genetic changes that have resulted in making many antibiotics ineffective in its treatment. Sulfonamides were considered to be the best treatment for gonorrhea but after a short period of their usage resistant strains of this bacteria came forward. Gonococcus bacteria have the capability to adapt to changes in their surrounding and undergo changes which is the reason for the

World view discussion about the flaws of the belief system of the Research Paper

World view discussion about the flaws of the belief system of the Religion of Scientology - Research Paper Example Despite the many negative character traits of the founder, scientology is considered a religion that uses dirty tricks as well as being a killer4. The religion’s fair game practice has attracted many opponents who have been maltreated through propaganda and malice. What’s more, while under the care of Flag Service Organization (FSO)5, which is a branch of the Scientology Church, Lisa McPherson passed on after being neglected on the basis of religion. Every religion should struggle to give life but for religion of scientology that is not the case. Religion of scientology does not only rip off but is also anti-psychiatry. One has to take expensive courses in order to be part of the religion. According to the religion of scientology human beings are spiritual and all that psychology does is to reduce them into robotized and drugged states6. In order to share a gospel of Jesus Christ with a believer of scientology, there is need to invoke the application of existence of human beings and other creatures. It is important to begin by outlining how the world came to be making such a believer to accept the presence of some supernatural powers that led to creation of the earth, heaven, and all that is within the earth. Once the believer is convinced of such existence, it becomes easier to share with him/her the gospel of Jesus Christ from the perspective of the existence of supernatural

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique - Essay Example By inserting the word, â€Å"Indi’s owner,† the impact would be made smooth and the shift not abrupt. The corrected version would run like this: â€Å"Samantha, Indi’s owner, acknowledges ‘Being a pit bull†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Paragraph 3: The paragraph is too long and hard on the eyes. This should be broken in two. The new paragraph may begin with â€Å"BSL fails to address †¦.† as anyway it begins to explain deeper about BSL - a topic distinct different from the earlier idea being discussed which is dog breed and its general link to BSL. Paragraph 5: â€Å"However, that is an average of less than 20 dog-bite related fatalities per year, presumes accurate reporting of dog breed, and does not take total number of dogs in the breed in the general population into account.† Delete â€Å"is† in â€Å"is an average† and the thought will be clear. Paragraph 9: â€Å"The popularity of particular breeds ebbs and flows, in the 70s Dobermans were popular, in the 80s ‘pit bulls’ were†¦.† Colon instead should be used after the word, â€Å"flows† since a long enumeration begins on the topic of dog breeds by the decades. The outline of the article runs this way. Indi is introduced as champion dog, followed by the negative reputation of Pit Bull Terrier breed and what Indi has to endure for being of this breed. How â€Å"pit bull† breed came into controversy is discussed next, beefed by statistics on dog bites that are not based on breed. BSL (Breed Specific Legislation) is enacted on state-wide level then because of reported dog viciousness. Medical studies on dog bites come next, but these studies do not highlight breed. Statistics on dog-attacks are compared to non-fatal dog bites. From here, BSL being enacted based on breed incidents is described. BSL is hitting the wrong nail, it is argued, and that it is an ineffective response to sensationalized issues. The presumptions of BSL and why it is ineffective are considered. Because there is no decrease in dog attacks despite

World view discussion about the flaws of the belief system of the Research Paper

World view discussion about the flaws of the belief system of the Religion of Scientology - Research Paper Example Despite the many negative character traits of the founder, scientology is considered a religion that uses dirty tricks as well as being a killer4. The religion’s fair game practice has attracted many opponents who have been maltreated through propaganda and malice. What’s more, while under the care of Flag Service Organization (FSO)5, which is a branch of the Scientology Church, Lisa McPherson passed on after being neglected on the basis of religion. Every religion should struggle to give life but for religion of scientology that is not the case. Religion of scientology does not only rip off but is also anti-psychiatry. One has to take expensive courses in order to be part of the religion. According to the religion of scientology human beings are spiritual and all that psychology does is to reduce them into robotized and drugged states6. In order to share a gospel of Jesus Christ with a believer of scientology, there is need to invoke the application of existence of human beings and other creatures. It is important to begin by outlining how the world came to be making such a believer to accept the presence of some supernatural powers that led to creation of the earth, heaven, and all that is within the earth. Once the believer is convinced of such existence, it becomes easier to share with him/her the gospel of Jesus Christ from the perspective of the existence of supernatural

Lifestyle of blackfoot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lifestyle of blackfoot - Essay Example Buffalo hunting is their major hunting activity. â€Å"The Blackfoot Indian tribe displayed agility in hunting buffalo that outranked other tribes. Their nomadic lifestyle was aided by dogs and later horses. They seldom fought over land but were great warriors in their own right† (Blackfoot Indian Tribe). This paper analyses different aspects of Blackfoot’s life styles. Because of huge diversity in culture, the life styles of Blackfoot (Also known as Blackfeet) people are different. Different languages, clothing, hunting methods, worshipping methods, food habits and hobbies are prevailing among the Blackfoot community because of the differences in their ethnicity. â€Å"Mi'kmaq, Cree, Ojibwa, Arapaho, Shawnee, Fox, Algonquin† etc are some of the major languages in the Blackfoot community (Tribal Lifestyle, Gender Roles, Elders). â€Å"The members of a Blackfoot Indian tribe spoke a language called Pikunii. This is language was lyrical and musical to the ear with complex word formations. The language was learned by word of mouth and there was no written language† (Blackfoot Indian Tribe). ... In other words, inter-tribal marital relationship is also possible among some of the tribal groups of the Blackfoot community. â€Å"There are three main clans in the Blackfoot community: The Kainai (Many Leaders, also called the Blood); The Piikani (Amsskaapipiikani in Montana and Apatohsipiikani in southern Alberta also called the Peigan ); The Siksika (Blackfoot, also called northern Blackfoot)† (Tribal Lifestyle, Gender Roles, Elders). Even though, these clans have lot of differences in their life styles, the elements of a common culture can be seen in the life styles of these people. â€Å"Each tribe in Blackfoot community consisted of a number of hunting bands, which were the primary political units of the tribe† (Hanes & Pifer). Each hunting band may have two leaders; one for leading the group for hunting activities and the other for leading the group in other social and political activities. The hunting leader would be an expert hunter whereas the other leader w ould be a person with immense capabilities in solving the social problems. In case of any disputes occur, the final word comes from either the hunting leader or the civilian leader. During ancient period, arrows and lances were the major war weapons of the Blackfoot community. Blackfoot community had no hesitation in engaging in war with other tribal groups. They were clever warriors and their fighting spirit and better war strategy helped them to expand their territories. The Blackfoot or Siksikas were one of the most famous of the northern tribes, largely due to the fact that they were among the first to encounter and form relationships with European fur traders. Through this contact, the people of the Siksika nation became familiar with the objects, inventions and animals brought by these

The role of prophesy in the Judeo-Christian tradition Essay Example for Free

The role of prophesy in the Judeo-Christian tradition Essay In Hebrew, the usual word for prophet is nab. The New Testament uses prophetes from which the English â€Å"prophet† is derived. Prophets were interpreters of God’s will. In popular thought, prophecy is associated with predicting future events but this was not the main function of Biblical prophets. According to Newsome (1984) Hebrew prophets have their roots in a wider Near Eastern context where seers played a clairvoyant role, sometimes using sheep’s entrails as signs pointing to future happenings (p. 11). Seeing the future was associated with ecstatic trance-like states as the seer communicated with spirits, or with God. In the Hebrew tradition, clairvoyant ability became less significant, with prophets taking on a special role as guardians of God’s covenant. The prophet’s job was to challenge the children of Israel to keep the commandments, to keep their covenant with God by upholding justice, living righteously and forsaking the worship of false Gods. There may have been guilds based at some of the ancient holy shrines, such as Shiloh where Samuel operated. I Kings 22: 6 refers to King Ahab summoning four hundred prophets to seek their advice. One of the most important prophets was Nathan, who challenged David to live up to the ideal of kingly conduct. In the Bible, there are sixteen books named for prophets (the twelve minor prophets form one book in the Hebrew bible but are sub-divided in Christian versions). There were many other prophets besides those after whom books have been named, including Elijah and Elisha. Isaiah, Jeremiah and Ezekiel are considered Major Prophets. Moses and Aaron are also referred to as prophets, though they are not usually regarded as such. Indeed Deuteronomy 18:18-22 suggests that Moses represents the â€Å"example of what a YAHWEH prophet should be† (Newsome, p. 5). The prophet spoke truth to power. In doing so, they pointed out what consequences would follow if people failed to keep the commandments. God would punish God’s people. Consistently, the message was â€Å"Obey my voice, and I will be your God †¦ walk in all the ways that I have commanded you, that it may be well with you† (Jeremiah 7: 23). When Jeremiah spoke about the Temple’s destruction, this was not a prediction but a warning of what would happen if the Hebrews disregarded justice. When speaking of the future, what was said was based on what prophets knew â€Å"of the nature of a holy God and of a sinful, arrogant people† (Newsome, p. 11). Ecstasy continued to be associated with prophecy but what was more important was the content of their message, not the means by which this was communicated. False prophets had to be denounced. Famously, Elijah battled with the prophets of Baal (I Kings 18). Above all, prophets were bearers of â€Å"revelation†, their words came to them from God. In the New Testament, Jesus is described as a prophet (Luke 7: 16) and in Christian theology Jesus is understood as God’s word made flesh. Prophets were often reluctant to accept their calling, for example, Jonah (see Jonah 1: 3). Sometimes they operated against the established political system, calling kings to account. At times prophets appear as honored members of a king’s inner circle. In the New Testament, Matthew often cites â€Å"prophecies†, suggesting that prophets predicted events in Jesus life. One way of understanding this is that Matthew was anxious to emphasize continuity between God’s revelation in Jesus and God’s revelation through the prophets. The role of prophet existed in the early church but was never formalized, perhaps because â€Å"prophecy† cannot be controlled. It can challenge established authority. The New Testament also warns against false prophets (Matthew 7: 15), so any claim to be a prophet must be tested against the content of the message. Reference Newsome, James D. 1984. The Hebrew Prophets. Atlanta, Ga: J. Knox Press.

Holistic Care in Sexual Health Assessments

Holistic Care in Sexual Health Assessments Reya James Delivering holistic care is of great importance when providing sexual health assessments as to ensure positive outcomes for the individual (Wright, 2012). Each person at some point of their developmental journey experiences a level of perceived risk taking behaviour, unfortunately usually resulting in anxiety provoking emotions through decisions made. The purpose of this case study response is to demonstrate an understanding and approach to the interlinking relationship of sexual and mental health issues identified within the case scenario. In order for this to occur, contributing risk factors will be analysed to provide an evidence based background to capture and highlight the link of both sexual and mental health issues. These risk factors include age group, alcohol use, risky sexual behaviour, neurovegetative symptoms, anxiety, and psychological stress increasing risk taking behaviour, will be also discussed. These identified behaviours and concerns will conclude with appropriate interventions and referrals For the purpose of this case study sexual assault will not be discussed, however is always a consideration until otherwise indicated. Upon introduction, first impressions and the environment will set the tone for the assessment and determine the information given by the client (Health Service, 2013). It is imperative to remain aware of cultural diversities and vulnerabilities during this process to ensure apposite assessments, screening and interventions are implemented. For example, due to the overwhelming higher rates of STI’s and BBV’s in comparison to the rest of the populace, sexual health remains a priority issue for Aboriginal communities (Bowring, Vella, Degenhardt, Hellard, Lim, 2014; Kang, Skinner, Usherwood, 2010; Research, 2007; Thompson, Greville, Param, 2008). As sexual health issues are sensitive issues to discuss, the initial introduction will alert the clinician to any barriers that may exist, allowing exploration into the involvement of communities groups, family members and other stakeholders that are appropriate to the client’s cultural sensitivities. For example, female clients of particular cultural groups or sexual identity may require female only clinicians to conduct the assessment, the same can be applied to males if identified, sensitivity and objectivity is the key. Establishing a therapeutic rapport is essential in building a trusting relationship in which the client feels safe, acknowledged and validated. Further to this is the provision of a non-judgmental and supportive environment maintaining privacy and confidentiality (Wright, 2012). Entwining a mental health assessment ensures ongoing risk assessment, incorporating protective factors, screening for co-morbidities and appropriate interventions such as education, harm minimisation and therapies. Whilst acknowledging the expressed concerns as a priority, this also provides the individual with an opportunity to ventilate and disclose contributing factors, disruption to daily functioning, and verbalise the experienced emotional dysregulation (French, 2010). Unfortunately this process may not proceed as planned if the appropriate screening questions are not asked. It can be seen that some clinicians find it difficult to approach the subject of sexual health. Ambivalence towards the subject occurs, resulting in avoidance of the topic and sexual health concerns being less prioritised (Quinn, Happell, Welch, 2013). Regrettably, this approach is likely to result in further deterioration of the client’s mental health with continuation of risk taking behaviours. Ultimately it is essential to identify the impending emotional crisis so timely and appropriate interventions can be implemented(Dykeman, 2005). With ‘Chris’ presenting and requesting a check-up, this demonstrates a level of insight into the negative impact the occurrence has instigated. ‘Chris’ is of an age group that is well documented as high risk relating to alcohol, illicit substance use and sexual risk taking behaviour (Aicken, Nardone, Merce, 2010; Bowring et al., 2014; Searle, 2009; WHO, 2005). Among Australia’s population, the most commonly reported STI is genital chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis), with numbers increasing annually for those aged between 15-29 years (Kang et al., 2010). In addition to chlamydia, HIV, gonorrhoea, and syphilis are also higher within the indigenous population(Thompson et al., 2008). The research further identifies potential vulnerability and increased risk-taking sexual behaviour of young adults in Australia in particular lesbian, gay, bisexual and those questioning their sexual orientation (Bowring et al., 2014). Screening tools and clinical management guidelines are commonly utilised to assist with identifying risk and determining examinations and investigations necessary for detection of STIs, BBVs and other sexual health issues including sexual assault(Health Service, 2013). In relation to the case scenario, regardless of sexual orientation, a full STI screen is recommended due to the unknown factors of the incident (Health, 2010; Health Service, 2013). Naturally this will depend on the individual and require education and positive reinforcement to be provided through each process as to ensure the decision is informed and awareness of potential results involved. Provision of pamphlets and contact numbers for crisis lines allow the person time to process the information given during the assessment. Within Queensland Health Guidelines, contact numbers are available throughout the state should a referral to a sexual health clinic for further follow up, or in the case of sexual assault, refe rral to sexual assault workers is appropriate(Health, 2010). Recommendations can be provided in the form of self-initiated referrals for identified priority groups, such as providing contact details for groups that offer support and further information. For example, web based contact groups such as Sexually Transmissible Infections in Gay Men Action Group (STIGMA), and Gay and Lesbian Welfare Association provide support, information education, and opportunities for phone counselling. It can be seen that the contributing factor of alcohol and/or other substances, reduces consideration of safe sexual practice, often leading to unprotected sex and the contracting of STD’s (Bellis et al., 2008). Moreover, the disinhibiting and cognitive altering actions of alcohol or substances can influence any sexual orientation, further contributing to potential adverse outcomes (Aicken et al., 2010; Bowring et al., 2014; Hughes, Szalacha, McNair, 2010). The implications of the linkage have, as studies have shown, to be a globally contributing factor and increasingly expressed concern from a public health perspective (WHO, 2005). This is an opportune time to screen for alcohol and substance use, utilising motivational interviewing, insight into current risk taking behaviours and readiness to change can be established (Lundahl, Kunz, Brownell, Tollefson, Burke, 2010). The objective is for the client to make a commitment to change, through their own decision making (Johnsto ne, Owens, Lawrie, McIntosh, Sharpe, 2010). Other interventions include harm minimisation and education regarding the effects of alcohol, with referral to Alcohol and Other Drugs (AOD) service, detox and rehabilitation services if requiring this level of service. Ensuring these procedures are appropriately explained to the client, expressing empathy and actively listening, will help to reduce anxieties the person may be experiencing. The positive effect brief interventions has on alcohol consumption and reducing the average intake has been well researched and documented(Kaner et al., 2009). Poor sexual and mental health impacts an individual’s sense of worth and wellbeing, which could ultimately result in feelings of isolation, persecution discrimination, and stigmatisation (Duncan, Hart, Scoular, Bigrigg, 2001). For example, within a close rural community, sexual preference outside the accepted community norm may possibly lead to these poor outcomes, essentially resulting in an enduring negative emotional impact (Lewis, Derlega, Clark, Kuang, 2006). Studies suggest the link between risky sexual health behaviour and mental health is associated with higher levels of anxiety, stress and depression(Searle, 2009). Searle (2009) further postulated difficulty in determining whether depression was a result of risky sex or risky sex was precipitated by a depressive episode. Neurovegetative symptoms described by ‘Chris’ such as disturbed sleep, increase of stream of thoughts needs to be explored further as to ascertain any underlying mental health issues(Kendrick Simon, 2008). Levels of stress, depressive features, suicidal ideations, formal thought disorders, brief screening for mood disorders or psychotic episodes are all incorporated within the mental health assessment and captured during a mental status examination(Health Service, 2013). Utilising an intervention such as brief solution focussed therapy, helps to empower the client to make decisions that are future focussed based on their strengths (Evans Evans, 2013). Instilling hope and building of resilience is essential to the clients recovery journey (Elder, Evans, Nizette, 2012; Evans Evans, 2013). Just as important is the support and follow up to ensure monitoring risk of relapse. Apart from family and friends, other resources are available to provide support. Mental Health Nurses employed at GP clinics are an option through the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP). This resource has been successful in reducing admissions, providing short term case management with the provision of interventions such as psychoeducation, counselling, psychotherapies, medication adherence, metabolic monitoring, and general support(Happell, Platania-Phung, Scott, 2013). Referral to GP’s for continuity of care and a Mental Health Care Plan (MHCP) is another option available. MHCP is a plan that is completed by the GP with the client in which issues are identified and referred for psychological and/or psychiatric management. Web based programs are also available such as Teleweb, Headspace, Lifeline, to name a few. There is always the possibility of a client expressing suicidal intent, in which, if meets the criteria under the Mental Health Act, may require detainment and transfer to a mental health unit In conclusion, every person that presents for a health assessment requires a holistic approach in order to capture the issues and appropriately deal with them. Interventions will need to cover a variety of issues that may arise. The perceived stigma of STI’s, concerns regarding future reproductive health, psychosocial impact of diagnosis, distress and possibility of developing an enduring mental health issue, are all issues that need to be addressed throughout the assessment. References Aicken, C. R. H., Nardone, A., Merce, C. H. (2010). Alcohol misuse, sexual risk behaviour and adverse sexual health outcomes: evidence from Britain’s national probability sexual behaviour survey. Journal of Public Health, 33(2), 262–271. Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Calafat, A., Juan, M., Ramon, A., Rodriguez, J. A., . . . Phillips-Howard, P. (2008). Sexual uses of alcohol and drugs and the associated risks: A cross sectional study of young people in nine European cities. Public Health, 8, 155-166. Bowring, A. L., Vella, A. M., Degenhardt, L., Hellard, M., Lim, M. S. C. (2014). Sexual identity, same-sex partners and risk behaviour among a community-based sample of young people in Australia. International Journal of Drug Policy(0). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.07.015 Duncan, B., Hart, G., Scoular, A., Bigrigg, A. (2001). Qualitative analysis of psychosocial impact of diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis: Implications for screening. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 322(7280), 195-199. Dykeman, B. F. (2005). Cultural Implications of Crisis Intervention. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 32(1), 45-48. Elder, R., Evans, K., Nizette, D. (2012). Psychiatric and mental health nursing (3rd edition. ed.). Chatswood NSW: Elsevier Australia. Evans, N., Evans, A.-M. (2013). Solution-focused approach therapy for mental health nursing students. British Journal of Nursing, 22(21), 1222-1226. French, K. (2010). How to improve your sexual health history-taking skills. Practice Nurse, 40(2), 27-30. Happell, B., Platania-Phung, C., Scott, D. (2013). Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program: Facilitating physical health care for people with mental illness? Int J Ment Health Nurs, 22, 399-408. Health, Q. (2010). Queensland Sexual Health Clinical Management Guidelines Emergency Presentation (pp. 1-18). Queensland: Queensland Government. Health, Q., Service, R. F. D. (2013). Primary Clinical Care Manual (8 ed.). Cairns: The State of Queensland. Hughes, T., Szalacha, L. A., McNair, R. (2010). Substance abuse and mental health disparities: Comparisons across sexual identity groups in a national sample of young Australian women. Social Science Medicine, 71(4), 824-831. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.009 Johnstone, E. C., Owens, D. C., Lawrie, S. M., McIntosh, A. M., Sharpe, M. (Eds.). (2010). Companion to Psychiatric Studies (8 ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Kaner, E. F. S., Dickinson, H. O., Beyer, F., Pienaar, E., Schlesinger, C., Campbell, F., . . . Heather, N. (2009). The effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care settings: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Review, 28(3), 301-323. Kang, M., Skinner, R., Usherwood, T. (2010). Interventions for young people in Australia to reduce HIV and sexually transmissible infections: a systematic review. Sexual Health, 7(2), 107-128. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SH09079 Kendrick, T., Simon, C. (2008). Adult Mental Health Assessment. InnovAiT: The RCGP Journal for Associates in Training, 1(3), 180-186. doi: 10.1093/innovait/inn013 Lewis, R., Derlega, V., Clark, E., Kuang, J. (2006). Stigma Consciousness, Social Constraints and Lesbian Well-Being. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 53(1), 48-56. Lundahl, B., Kunz, C., Brownell, C., Tollefson, D., Burke, B. L. (2010). A meta-analysis of motivational interviewing: Twenty five years of empirical studies. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(2), 137-160. Quinn, C., Happell, B., Welch, A. (2013). The 5-As Framework for Including Sexual Concerns in Mental Health Nursing Practice. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 34, 17-24. Research, N. C. i. H. E. a. C. (2007). Bloodborne viral and sexually transmitted infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Surveillance Report 2007. Sydney: Commonwealth of Australia. Searle, N. (2009). Sexual Behaviour and its Mental Health Consequences. (M.Sc. Project), Swansea University, Britain. Thompson, S. C., Greville, H. S., Param, R. (2008). Beyond policy and planning to practice: getting sexual health on the agenda in Aboriginal communities in Western Australia, Editorial. Australia New Zealand Health Policy (ANZHP), pp. 1-8. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.usq.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=35637237site=ehost-live WHO. (2005). Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Behaviour: A Cross-Cultural Study in Eight Countries. Geneva. Wright, G. (2012). Sexual health This practice profile is based on NS622 McDougall T (2011) Mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. Nursing Standard. 26, 14, 48-56. Nursing Standard, 26(44), 59-59. ANP5004 Emergency Mental Health and Reproductive Health Care